Argumentative Synthesis Free Essays

In Mr. Siemiesz’s chapter he explained about the National Security Consequences of U. S Oil Dependence and how it could be fixed and changed for the best interest of the country; Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative Synthesis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Siemiesz outlined specific points or steps the country could take to make those changes he outlined in the chapter. â€Å"Those major energy suppliers from Russia to Iraq to Venezuela have been increasingly able and willing to use their resources to pressure their strategic and political objectives. That these country’s are consuming less oil less then all of the other countries especially the United States. The Fact is that the U. S. makes up to 4. 6% of the world’s population but uses 25% of the world’s oil. So the challenge of this is over the next several years the U. S. needs to slow down and stop consuming a lot of Oil and hopefully find new ways to find energy†. In Mr. Franco’s chapter â€Å"205 ways to save the Earth† explains several ways to save the planet; the author of the chapter Thomas L. Friedman speaks in his article about the word â€Å"Green† and how that term is used, he continued in the article to say that people need to find ways to improve the environment and recommended that it is in the best interest of the world to preserve the world he goes into ways for example like citizens of the world should being recycling and to help beautify the planet. Mr. Franco’s chapter concludes that the countries of the world have to learn better ways to improve the environment for everyone. The basic proposition behind the science of climate change is so firmly rooted in the laws of physics that no reasonable person can dispute it. All other things being equal, adding carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere—by, for example, burning millions of tons of oil, coal and natural gas—will make it warm up. That, as the Nobel Prize–winning chemist Svante Arrhenius first explained in 1896, is because CO2 is relatively transparent to visible light from the sun, which heats the planet during the day. But it is relatively opaque to infrared, which the earth tries to reradiate back into space at night. If the planet were a featureless, monochromatic billiard ball without mountains, oceans, vegetation and polar ice caps, a steadily rising concentration of CO2 would mean a steadily warming earth†. The earth’s temperature can go up and destroy the polar ice caps and kills a lot of fish and raise the water and flood states. Crops are going to dry out so we can’t eat anything. People are taking advantage of it and destroying our planet. â€Å"The Greenhouse Effect is also comparing to global warming that it is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface, energy is transferred to the surface and the lower atmosphere†. As a result, the temperature there is higher than it would be if direct heating by solar radiation were the only warming mechanism. Global warming of the Earth’s surface and lower atmosphere is believed to be the result of a strengthening of the greenhouse effect mostly due to human-produced increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface, energy is transferred to the surface and the lower atmosphere. In Mr. Anderson’s chapter explains to the reader how Oil is critical to the U. S. Economy and how their aren’t any viable alternatives that the author believes will set the United States on the path to energy independence; The Author Price continued to say that â€Å"politicians and environmentalist misled Americans about the realities of energy which lead to legislation that hurts America in the global marketplace† Price believes that they truly don’t understand what is going on when it comes to the environment and he continued saying that is why the United States is so dependable on foreign oil. Mr. Anderson’s chapter concludes with the following â€Å"price admits American imports of crude are high but sees no feasible alternative. The demand for energy in America is simply great and oil is simply to important for the economy†. How to cite Argumentative Synthesis, Essays

Service Marketing and Relationship Marketing Service Encounter

Question: Discuss about the Service Marketing and Relationship Marketing for Service Encounter. Answer: Discussion Service encounter encompasses the interaction between the organization and its customers. It measures the degree to which organizations are able to provide enough customer satisfaction through their service (Noone et al., 2012). Quay Restaurant is extremely popular through providing personal and rich experience to the customers. It is one of the best original cuisines, where purity of flavor, texture and balance is paramount. With an intension to provide genuine and personalized experience to the customers, the restaurant has divided the whole service process into front stage service and back stage service (Gazzoli et al., 2013). Each of front and back stage operation has unique functionality towards serving the customers in customized way. Service encounter in Quay Restaurant is measured through customers arrival at the restaurant to dispose the leftover and leave. The above flow chart suggests the front stage and back stage operation Quay Restaurant. I have realized that in front s tage operation, the restaurant has attractive external appearance, which gives its exact overview. The restaurant has their own customized website from where the customers can get its ideas (Ryu et al., 2012). After entering into the restaurant, the customers can see the menu printed on the wall and quickly select their own preferred menu. Apart from wall menu, the restaurant has also paper menus and takeaway items, which facilitates the customers to scrutinize the menu items. The restaurant provides memorable dining experience to the customers through diversified Australian ingredients cooked with passion and immigration (Kang Hyun, 2012). Knowledgeable, warm and professional staffs of the restaurant have extended the genuine hospitality in service. The restaurant has large display for various food items on offers so that the customers can identify those easily. The customers can avail separate counter for each of the food items, which is extremely comfortable to the customers. Apart from providing regular restaurant service, this organization also provides scope to book it for the occasion like wedding, birthday and others (Bradley et al., 2013). Self-serve counter with different sauces and cutlery and napkins provide extra benefit to the customers. Customers can also enjoy ambient candlelight dinner with soft jazz music, which is extremely entertaining to them (Sderlund, 2013). For the entertainment facility of the customers, the restaurant has TV set on its wall. After entering into the restaurant, the customers get warm welcome by the reception staffs and stand in the queue for placing order for their food. In the cash counter section, the staffs make smooth payment for the customer orders and handover the receipt to them. After receiving the receipt, the customers move towards the specific food counter and hand over the receipt to the staff. The staffs verify the receipt and provide food and drinks to the customers. I have also understood that in front stage operation, the restaurant has table with movable chairs. Customers can seat on their preferred chair after receiving the food items. Back stage operations of this restaurant do not necessarily have direct interaction with the customers. These kinds of service operation have indirect interaction with the customers but have major impact on the satisfaction level of the customers. Back stage employees are responsible for registration system of the restaurant in case of booking in occasion. Apart from that, I have noticed that back stage employees are responsible for preparing food for the customers in customizable manner. They need to prepare high quality and hygienic food for satisfying the customers (Lai et al., 2014). Furthermore, in order to keep the floor clean, the back stage employees take care of daily cleaning of the restaurant. Managerial implication is referred by utilization of practical information for making practical decision. It is denoted as the recommendation to be offered by the managers to keep the restaurant service up to customer satisfaction level. Furthermore, it also provides the mechanism to enhance the service quality of the restaurant. From my perspective, I can say that the manger of the restaurant should hire efficient web developer for designing attractive web page for the restaurant. Apart from that, the manager should also hire talented interior designers for making attractive eye-soothing interior design of the restaurant (Sharma Wu, 2015). Reception desk of any restaurant is very vital, as it creates first impression of the restaurant to the customers. In case of reception desk, the manager of Quay Restaurant should hire most talented and influential employee, who can interact with the customers effectively. They should provide warm welcome to the customers in personalized manner. From my point of view, the manager of the restaurant should effectively lead the staff to offer skillful and dedicative service to the customers. It is the responsibility of the manager to understand the unique needs of the customers and suggests the staffs to provide service accordingly (Kim Lee, 2012). Apart from that, the demands of the customers are changing day by day according to changing life style. Therefore, the manager of Quay Restaurant should train the staffs as per those changing needs to meet those needs of the customers. The manager should also ensure effective coordination among each department of the restaurant so that no service gap is arose. Effective restaurant manager also ensures proper planning for smooth operation of every department. The major managerial implication of the restaurant lies in handling customer complaints effectively (Kang Hyun, 2012). The manager should immediately resolve the customer complaints before it destroy the reputation of the custo mers. All the information concerning the customer service of the restaurant should be updated to the manager to ensure its smooth operation. Apart from that, the manager should sometimes visit the customer table to ensure that they are actually satisfied by the service. Conclusion While concluding study, it can be said that Quay Restaurant is highly popular for its customized and personalized service to the customers. The restaurant has divided its whole operation in to two stages namely front stage operation and back stage operation. Front stage operation of the restaurant has direct interaction with the customers. On the other hand, back stage operation has no direct relationship with customers but has major influence on customer satisfaction. In case of front stage operation, the staffs provide excellent welcome and memorable experience through effective customer service. On the other hand, in back stage operation of this restaurant, the staffs prepare food and keep the restaurant surface clean and hygienic to keep the customers satisfied. Furthermore, the managerial implication of the restaurant lies in keeping effective coordination among every department. References Bradley, G. L., Sparks, B. A., Zapf, D., McCollà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Kennedy, J. R., Jimmieson, N. L. (2013). Taskà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Relationshipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Self: A Framework for Understanding Service Encounter Behaviors.Psychology Marketing,30(6), 512-528. Gazzoli, G., Hancer, M., Kim, B. (2013). Explaining why employee-customer orientation influences customers' perceptions of the service encounter.Journal of Service Management,24(4), 382-400. Kang, J., Hyun, S. S. (2012). Effective communication styles for the customer-oriented service employee: Inducing dedicational behaviors in luxury restaurant patrons.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(3), 772-785. Kim, N., Lee, M. (2012). Other customers in a service encounter: examining the effect in a restaurant setting.Journal of Services Marketing,26(1), 27-40. Lai, J., S. Lui, S., HY Hon, A. (2014). Does standardized service fit all? Novel service encounter in frontline employee-customer interface.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(8), 1341-1363. Noone, B. M., Wirtz, J., Kimes, S. E. (2012). The Effect of Perceived Control on Consumer Responses to Service Encounter Pace A Revenue Management Perspective.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,53(4), 295-307. Quay restaurant. (2016).Quay restaurant. Retrieved 19 September 2016, from https://www.quay.com.au/ Ryu, K., Lee, H. R., Gon Kim, W. (2012). The influence of the quality of the physical environment, food, and service on restaurant image, customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,24(2), 200-223. Sharma, P., Wu, Z. (2015). Consumer ethnocentrism vs. intercultural competence as moderators in intercultural service encounters.Journal of Services Marketing,29(2), 93-102. Sderlund, M. (2013). Positive social behaviors and suggestive selling in the same service encounter.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal,23(4), 305-320.

Banned And Censored Music Essays - Censorship, Censorship Of Music

Banned and Censored Music Banned and Censored Music The discussion of whether or not the censorship of music is constitutionally sound has come about. This problem has been around since the beginning of music in one way or another. The fact of the matter is that there is technically no such thing as the censorship of music in the United States(Banned Music 1). Although that is supposedly the case, that statement can be very misleading. It is stated in the First Amendment of the United States Constitution that every American is granted the Freedom Of Speech. This includes all musicians. Contrary to this statement, there has been a numerous amount of cases in which a song or music group has been banned of either their right to perform their act on stage, or the sale of their album has been condemned as illegal. The troubling fact about music censorship is that music is considered to be an art form, and there are certain laws set up to protect art from being censored. People should have the right to choose what type of music they want to listen to in this country. Censorship is the control of what people may say or hear, write or read, or see or do. Censorship can affect books, newspapers, magazines, motion pictures, radio and television programs, and speeches." (World Book 345) Most of the early problems with the censorship of music came about in the early 1950's. This was the first real era of rock and roll in America. In 1954 a Michigan Congresswoman tried to pass a bill that stated that the mailing of any explicit or pornographic album could lead to some hefty jail time, up to five years if convicted. When looking back, the 50's had some of the most laughable incidences when songs were banned. There was a Billie Holiday song by the name of "Love For Sale," none of the radio stations were allowed to play it because of its strong sexual content and its depiction of prostitution. In even a funnier case there was a song by the name of "Transfusion" banned because it was felt that a blood transfusion was not a laughing matter. Perhaps the most farcical form of censorship in the 50's came about in 1957 when Elvis Presley was scheduled to perform on the Ed Sullivan show. Cameramen were instructed not to film any of Elvis's lower body because his dancing was considered inappropriate for the viewing audience(Elvis To Ice-T 3). What is so offensive about that to have it censored from the public. Times have changed though, today we just sit back and laugh at that type of censorship. The 1960's brought about a new wave of censorship. During the 1960's, popular music diversified, and so did the censors. Although the censorship supposedly diversified, the uncalled-for censorship of certain music continued. In 1964 the state of Indiana banned the song " Louie Louie" because they felt that it had some sexual content in it. But if you listen to the words it is obvious that sexual content is no where to be found. In 1967, the Rolling Stones were forced to change the lyrics of a song in order to perform it on national television because, of course, it had sexual content. The song was called "Let's Spend The Night Together" and they were forced to say "Let's Spend Some Time Together." Later that decade John Lennon and Yoko Ono's album "Two Virgin's" featured a naked picture of the two. These albums were confiscated before they even had a chance to hit the record stores. There was one Chicago retailer shut down by the vice squad for carrying this album(The 1960's 1). A piece of art is destroyed if altered. What would Michael Angelos' famous sculpture "The Thinker" be like if somebody carved clothes on to him. it wouldn't be what he attended and therefore the art piece would loose most of its significance. People often times do not get offended as easily as they use to. In the early 1990's an album released by Nirvana featured a naked baby on the cover. There was very little controversy over the cover and there was no ban of the record sale. Unlike the 1950s, the 60s proved to have a few more controversial topics. That goes to show how people change their views about morality as time passes. The 1970s proved to have just as many controversial cases about censorship, as the fifties and sixties. In April of 1971 Officials in Illinois released a list of popular music that contained drug references. The

Youth Outdoor Adventures Bus. Plan Essays - Experiential Learning

Youth Outdoor Adventures Bus. Plan Essays - Experiential Learning Youth Outdoor Adventures Bus. Plan MARKETING PLAN OUTLINE Company: Youth Outdoor Adventures: Our mission is to provide educational outdoor experiences for underprivileged youth. Strengths: Unique opportunity Not a lot of competition Free to kids School support Weaknesses: Cliental is not traditionally familiar with product We currently cannot accommodate all who apply Starts up costs are high Large staffing needs Opportunities and Threats: The average child who grows up in a large urban area stays there for most of their life. We feel that this program will be successful because it opens up a city child to a whole new world. This program will start in NYC. We would eventually like for it to spread to all the major urban areas of the United States. We will get funding for this program by soliciting major corporations and foundations. One of the major threats that we perceive is that we cannot raise enough money trough these sponsors. History: Youth Outdoor Adventures is a new, not for profit company. Consumer Analysis: Geographic United States, Urban area, NYC Demographic 5th graders, no regard to gender, race, religion or nationality Psychographics Underprivileged youth, no regard to lifestyle or personality Behavioral Children, or participants would be allowed to go on one trip. Trips will be run weekly. All equipment and other necessities other then clothing will be provide. The participants need only to sign up. Competitive Analysis: There are no other firms that are providing services like ours for free to the participants. We anticipate little competition as far as similar services are concerned. We will be competing for the participants time, the average youth has many interests, and we want him or her to come with us. We would like to establish relationships with schools and other social services that work with children. Together we can promote each others services. Environmental challenges: The environment that affects us most is the social cultural environment. Many inner city children not have a high comfort level in outdoor adventure situations. To ease this cultural difference we would recruit and train employees from the same urban background. The economic environment may also have an effect. If there is a recession we can expect less donations from sponsors, even though the same needs will exist. Marketing Objectives: As a non-profit, are main goal is to serve the children. We hope that after the start up of the company we can steadily increase the number of children served each year. We hope to establish ourselves as the leader in outdoor education to the underprivileged. By becoming a well-respected name we will ensure sponsorships. Strategy: Product: Youth Outdoor Adventures will provide outdoor trips such as skiing, kayaking, rock climbing, and backpacking. The trips will be offered to 5th graders in the NYC area. All equipment except for personnel clothing will be provided. Food is also included. The children will be picked up from a central location. The company provides all transportation from there. The children will have to apply for the program. Pricing: The service is free to the children. None monetary prices include giving up one weekend that could be used for studying or other activities. Distribution/Place: The children can sigh up for the service through our web site and promotional materials. Once the children sign up for the service we will mail them all the information they need. As stated above, all the participants will meet at a central location and our staff will bring them to the activity. Because our business is a service we do not need a distribution center. Promotional strategy: We intended to form partnerships with the NYC school district. Through this partnership we will distribute materials to principals and teachers. Staff members will be available to speak to PTA groups, principles, students and other stakeholders. We will also establish a reputation by linking ourselves with our sponsors.

Real Data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Real Data - Essay Example The data gathered can be used to perform a number of operations such as mean, standard deviation, variance, correlation etc. Therefore it is safe to say that real data makes it possible to make quantitative classifications. That is why we can say that real data makes it possible to run statistical analysis. The research has been carried out on the results of 2008 American Presidential Elections. The Exhibit 1 shows actual results of elections. The tables are divided according to percentage lead of each president according to states. The data in Exhibit 2 shows pre election polls for each candidate. The data in Exhibit 2 two has been divided according to agencies which had delivered results or conduction these pre election polls. Column D in Exhibit 2 reflects leads to each respective president in states of polls. The data presented is real in nature for Exhibit 2. This is because the format is percentages of actual responses received from the public. Exhibit 1 also shows actual historical data as the responses are shows as percentage of total votes received by each presidential candidate. In column E of exhibit 2 we have prepared another category denoted by numbers. This is a better way to convert real scale to nominal scale and then convert it to percentage to get a solution. The number ‘2’ represents a tie, ‘1’ lead of Obama and ‘0’ lead of McCain. If we calculate the percentage of ‘1’ to the entire population we can calculate how many polls considered Obama to win the elections. The percentage of polls that showed Obama as the winner were 71% where as only 10% predicted a tie of votes. This shows another quality of nominal data that it has to be converted into percentages to reach an analysis. The presidential elections did show a victory for president Obama which reveals that analysis using real data was successful in predicting election results. Nominal data can lead to only qualitative

Managing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Managing People - Essay Example If the geographical scope, financial strength, and wide customer base fail to persuade someone about the prominence of Starbucks as an icon of the corporate world, one can come up with a long list of laurels and awards that the company holds under its name, highlighting its success and reputation (Clark, 2007, p. 427; Michelli, 2006, p. 387). Zagat’s Survey of National Chain Restaurants for the year 2010 identified Starbucks as â€Å"No. 1 Best Coffee† and â€Å"No.1 Most Popular Quick Refreshment Chain†. For the past decade, it has appeared on the Fortune’s list of â€Å"Most Admired companies in America† and â€Å"The 100 Best Companies to Work for† (Mangold, 2010, p. 82). Quite understandably, a significant portion of this impeccable success enjoyed by Starbucks comes from its ability to manage, effectively and efficiently, its human resource. As a service oriented business, employees determine the customer service quality of the company, represent the company and their productivity determines the overall productivity of the organisation (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2007, p. 97). This paper is an attempt to discuss the leadership, organisational culture, organisational structure, organisational learning and employee motivation techniques employed by Starbucks. The paper argues that the prime leadership for Starbucks comes from Howard Schultz, for most parts, has appeared as a transformational leader. In fact, fitting the profile of a transformational leader, has allowed Schultz to inspire and create many more leaders in the company who have assisted in driving the growth by providing a wonderful customer service experience (Behar, 2007, p. 489). The culture of the company can be classified as collaborative work culture, one where much importance is placed on employee empowerment, employee engagement and worker welfare. More importantly, it is the decentralised, flat and matrix structure is the prime entity, which supports s uch as a work culture through promoting open and efficient communication amongst employees (Gilbert, 2008, p. 111). Moreover, the employee motivation at Starbucks can be understood through the application of Expectancy theory and Equity theory of Motivation. Besides, the above mentioned points, the paper will also outline a change management processes for the company and would provide recommendations based on the findings and analysis. Findings and Analysis Leadership There is evidence to believe that, Howard Schultz has been a transformational leader for Starbucks. The prime reason for it is rooted in the fact that Schultz, right from the very beginning had a vision in mind. It was in the early 1980s Howard Schultz, the current CEO, Chairman and President of the company, joined Starbucks as head of marketing. Schultz, after a trip from Italy, realised that to those people, coffee meant much more than just a drink. It was an experience, glue holding together people and their convers ations and bringing them closer (Schultz & Yang, 1999, p. 27). Schultz landed upon the idea of creating coffee houses where coffee becomes an enchanting and relaxing experience rather than a mere product. Jerry Baldwin had left the

Composition of Minerals in Soil Related with Date Fruits

Composition of Minerals in Soil Related with Date Fruits Research Proposal Topic Study the Composition of Minerals in Soil Related with Date Fruits using AAS. Introduction Generally, plants require optimum mineral nutrients from the soil other than water, sunlight and carbon dioxide. Mineral is a crystalline solid of inorganic element. It has their own characteristic on physical properties such as crystalline structure, hardness, density, flammability, and color with certain chemical composition that form by natural processes. Mineral nutrients can be classified into two types of nutrients which are micronutrients and macronutrients. Essential mineral composition with sufficient quantity is important in a plant as it affect the plant productivity or fruit quality. Plants also not grow well if one or more elements are present in too large quantity which can be toxicity to the plant. This shows that the levels of elements must in balance with other nutrients. These nutrients perform a variety of functions in plants especially in the structural components of cell. Date palm or Phoenix dactylifera will involve in this research for the study of the minerals in soils and date fruits. Date palms need the specific composition of minerals in soils in order to produce fruits. Soil of plant analysis is useful for estimating trace element availability and determining the specific type of mineral presence in the soil which can prevent the deficiencies of fruit production. Determination of the minerals in fruit is important in order to study the correlation between the minerals in soils from date palm with date fruits using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Literature Review Minerals A mineral is a natural inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition such as K, Ca, Mg and Na. It is inorganic crystalline solid that has the crystal structure of long ranged order of atomic arrangement. Minerals are divided into groups based on their chemical composition with different chemical features of each groups. Characteristics and Properties Minerals can be known by their characteristics such as crystalline structure, inorganic elements, form by natural process, has particular chemical composition and specific physical properties. Minerals are crystalline solids that the atoms are arranged in repeating pattern. Mineral also comes from the organic substances which involved proteins, carbohydrates, and oils.Besides, minerals also commonly come from the inorganic compound (Geoscience News and Information, 11 November 2014). Minerals form by natural processes occurs in or on Earth. A diamond is a example of mineral that created in Earth’s crust. About 98.5% of Earth’s crust is made up of only eight elements which are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. These are the elements that can form different types of chemical compounds of minerals and each mineral has a specific chemical composition and chemical formula. For example, quartz is the combination of two oxygen atoms bonded to a silicon atom, SiO2 (Geoscience News and Information, 11 November 2014). Minerals also presence in hard type of mineral like a diamond as it is from by strong covalent bond of carbon. Then, softer mineral also exist which contains calcium and oxygen along with carbon which is calcite. The structure of calcite shows the relationship of calcium (Ca), carbon (C) and oxygen (O).In other aspect, the physical properties of minerals include the differentiation in the mineral’s color, the color of the powder of mineral (streak), the light reflection of mineral’s surface (luster), the specific gravity, tendency to break the flat surfaces (cleavage), the mineral breaks pattern (fracture) and the hardness (Geoscience News and Information, 11 November 2014). 2.1.2Mineral Groups Minerals can be classified into groups depend on their chemical composition. Silicates are the largest mineral group exists on Earth. Silicate minerals are the first group which has silica tetrahedron compound as the basic structure. Silica tetrahedron is the combination of one silicon atom bonds to four oxygen atoms. The common examples of silicate minerals are feldspar and quartz. Both of them are rock-forming minerals. The variety of silicate minerals can be form pyramid-shaped structure is bound to other elements, such as calcium, iron, and magnesium. Silica tetrahedrons also can combine together in six different ways to produce different types of silicates (Scientific Classifications of Mineral Groups, 11 November 2014). Native elements contain atoms of one type of element. Only a few types of minerals are found in this group. The minerals in native elements group are rarely to have and very valuable. Gold, silver, sulfur, and diamond are examples of minerals in native elements group. Next is carbonates mineral group. The carbonate structure form from one carbon atom bonded to three oxygen atoms. Carbonates also include other additional elements such as calcium, iron, and copper. For example, calcite (CaCO3) which is the most common carbonate mineral (Scientific Classifications of Mineral Groups, 11 November 2014). Halide minerals are salts that form when salt water evaporates which is involving a halogen bonded with a metallic atom. Halite is an example of halide mineral. The chemical elements in halogen group are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. While fluorite is a halide containing calcium and fluorine. Next, oxides contain one or two metal elements combined with oxygen. Most metals are found as oxides. For example, hematite (Fe2O3) which is form by two iron atoms combined with three oxygen atoms and magnetite (Fe3O4) is produced when three iron atoms combined with four oxygen atoms. Magnetite is one of the magnetic mineral and attraction of magnets can be made by this magnetite minerals. Both are the examples of iron oxides. (Scientific Classifications of Mineral Groups, 11 November 2014). Phosphate minerals are same in pattern of structure of atom in the silicate minerals. Phosphorus, arsenic or vanadium bond to oxygen to form tetrahedral in this type of phosphate minerals. There are many different minerals exist in the phosphate group but they very rarely to meet. Turquoise is an example of a phosphate mineral which consist of copper, aluminum, and phosphorus. Next, sulfate minerals contain sulfur atoms bonded to oxygen atoms. The sulfate group also may consist of many different minerals but it is not commonly known. Then, sulfides are formed when metallic elements combine with sulfur. Sulfides are slightly different from sulfate as it do not contain oxygen. Pyrite, or iron sulfide is a common example of sulfide mineral (Scientific Classifications of Mineral Groups, 11 November 2014). Minerals in the Soils of Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera has the long productivity period and did multiple purpose qualities. It is one of the old types of fruit tree and the first country of the top ten producers is Egypt. Date fruits production are commonly depend on pollination, fertilization, and water relations (Iqbal et al., 2004). Most of the date palms produced in Egypt are grown in sandy, loam and sandy loam soils. The presence of certain types of element such as N, P, K, Mg and B may cause the soils become deficient. It has also been recorded that large amounts of macro and microelements are produce high amount of date fruita for every single year. It shows that the best source of organic matter comes from the macro and micro-minerals especially in producing fruit. Application of organic fertilizers was found to enhance as well as to increase the structural stability and lowered bulk density of the soil. It improved moisture retention, water infiltration rate and the hydraulic conductivity of soil. In Egypt, the total amount of garbage collected from cities and villages reaches nearly 15 million tons per year and the proportion of domestic refuse is estimated to be about 68% (Hassanein Kandil, 2007). This could be a source of organic fertilization, after suitable composting in fruit orchards. Furthermore, few studies have evaluated the effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on the quality characteristics of date fruits and the amount of prduction(Shahein et al., 2003Al-Kharusi et al., 2009). Minerals in the Date Fruits Phosphorus was determined in date fruits by ascorbic acid method. While flame photometer used in determining potassium content in date fruits. Element such as Pb, Cd, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu contents were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model 305B). The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg were expressed as percentages, while Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu were expressed as parts per million (ppm) on dry weight basis in the previous researches. Fruit nitrate (NO3) and nitrite (NO2) contents were also been measured in that particular conducted research(Marzouk Kassem, 2010). Phoenix dactylifera Phoenix dactylifera is one of the oldest cultivated fruit crops. The date palm has long been harvested for its fleshy fruit which is a common food for many people at the residential of country such as North Africa and Arabia. There are a lof of different types of this species which each of them are grown for commercial purposes and perhaps making the date palm the second most familiar palm species after the coconut palm (Cocosnucifera). It grows with an imposing tall, slender, straight trunk with spiralling pattern on the bark, and long feather-like leaves. The common names of date palm are Palma dactylifera, Palma major, Phoenix atlantica var. maroccana, Phoenix chevalieri, Phoenix excelsior, Phoenix iberica and Phoenix major (Marzouk Kassem, 2010). Physiological Disorder of Date Palm Blacknose is the abnormally shriveled and darkened tip of date. The conditions that must be avoid too high humidity, excessive soil moisture especially at the stage of fruit development. Next is crosscut. It is a physiological disorder of fruit stalks. Crosscut or V-cuts are clean break in tissues of the fruit stalk bases and on fronds. Crop losses may be avoided by using non-susceptible varieties, or by reducing the number of fruit stalks in susceptible varieties. After that is whitenose. It is commonly occur in dry and prolonged wind. It causes rapid maturation of the fruit. The affected fruit becomes very dry, hard and has greater sugar content. Hydration may correct this condition in harvested fruits. Next, barhee disorder is unusual bending. The cause and the way to control of this disorder are unknown(Agriculture and Consumer Protection, 11 November 2014). Black scald is different from blacknose where it is a minor disorder. It consists of a blackened and sunken area with a definite line of demarcation. The disease usually appears on the tip or the sides of the fruit, and affected tissues have a bitter taste. The appearance of the disorder suggests exposure to high temperature, but the exact cause is not definitely known (Nixon, 1951). Then, bastard offshoot which is a deformed growth of date palm vegetative buds especially of offshoots fronds. It may be occur due to reduction in growth caused by an inequilibrium of growth regulators. After that is leaf apical drying that absolutely not a disease but a physiological reaction to transplantation of adult palms (injury of their root system). All palms with these symptoms recover within two to three years after their transplanting (Agriculture and Consumer Protection, 11 November 2014). Physiological disorders of date palm also include the fertilization injury. This type of injury is involving only with young tissue culture-derived palm plants (first two years after field planting) and when fertilizers (N, P, K) are applied too close to the palms stipe. The nature of fertilizers is not the cause, but rather how close to the stipe the fertilizer was applied. If the damage is severe, it could cause the death of the young palm (Agriculture and Consumer Protection, 11 November 2014). Lack or excess of water can cause the date palm having a physiological disorder. The growth of the date palm is highly affected by variations in water availability and the water content of the soil. A decrease in yield or complete failure in fruit production could result from these water variations. Although date palms are resistant to flooding, healthy growth of palms requires a well-drained soil, and it is clear that irrigation must always go hand in hand with drainage. Serious losses, sometimes irreversible may occur in neglected date plantations. In such cases signs of decline appear on palms favored by root penetration of numerous saprophytes and parasites that could lead to the death of palms (Agriculture and Consumer Protection, 11 November 2014). 3.6AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in analytical chemistry is a technique for determining the concentration of a particular metal element within a sample. This spectroscopic instrument involving atomic emission which is the flame test. When a small amount of a solution of a metal ion is placed in the flame of a Bunsen burner, the flame turns a color that is characteristic of the metal ion. A sodium solution gives a yellow color, a potassium solution results in a violet color and a copper solution gives a green color. Hollow Cathode Lamp is one of the instrument components in AAS. It is the light source and the exactly light required for analysis although no monochromator is used. The reason for this is that atoms of the metal to be tested are present within the lamp, and when the lamp is on, these atoms are supplied with energy, which causes them to elevate to the excited states. Upon returning to the ground state, exactly the same wavelengths that are useful in the analysis are emitted, since it is the analyzed metal with exactly the same energy levels that undergoes excitation. The AAS instrument is as follows. Figure 1: Schematic diagram of AAS instrumentation. 4.0Problem Statement Mineral composition in soil important for plants which affect the production of fruits. Thus, it is needed to determine the types of mineral that suitable for fruits, for example the date fruits. There are cases where the date palm from the same area can produce fruit while some of the plants have no fruit. It could be happened because the soils are from different sources during plantation process and it also has different composition of minerals. Since the date fruits production might be related to the composition of minerals in soil, the determination of minerals in soils and date fruits have to be conducted in order to study the correlation between them. Objective The objectives in conducting this research are: To determine the minerals contain in the soil from date palm. To determine the minerals contain in date fruits. To find the correlation between the minerals in the soil and the minerals in date fruits.